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Wednesday, March 19, 2014

Beban Industri Sawit

http://www.bumn.go.id
 Kalangan pelaku usaha kelapa sawit tengah dilanda kekhawatiran. Kewajiban atau mandatori pencampuran 10% minyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil/CPO) ke dalam minyak solar bakal mengurangi ekspor CPO. Mandatori untuk program biodiesel akan membuat volume ekspor CPO stagnan, meski dari sisi harga tetap meningkat karena membaiknya harga sepanjang tahun ini.


Ekspor CPO 2014 akan mencapai sekitar 21 juta ton seperti tahun lalu, namun nilainya mencapai US$ 22 miliar, lebih tinggi dibanding US$ 20 miliar tahun lalu.

Kebijakan mandatori biodiesel ibarat pedang bermata dua. Di satu sisi ada potensi ekspor yang terpangkas. Padahal, pemerintah tahun ini juga kehilangan pendapatan sekitar US$ 4-5 miliar akibat larangan ekspor mineral mentah. Namun, di sisi lain, program mandatori dengan serapan CPO sekitar 3,5 juta ton tahun ini mampu menekan impor solar yang menjadi salah satu pemicu defisit neraca perdagangan.

Sebenarnya kalangan pelaku perkebunan sawit mendukung dan menyambut baik program mandatori biodiesel yang populer dengan sebutan B10 ini. Yang masih menjadi ganjalan adalah penetapan harga. Harga pembelian yang mengacu Mean of Platts Singapore (Mops) dianggap merugikan pengusaha karena tidak sesuai harga keekonomian. Itulah sebabnya, Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel Indonesia (Aprobi) meminta harga pembelian CPO menggunakan harga patokan ekspor (HPE).

Industri kelapa sawit selama ini memang menghadapi sejumlah kendala, tidak saja di dalam negeri, tapi juga di pasar internasional. Di dalam negeri, kalangan industri perkebunan sawit baru saja mendapat dua masalah. Pertama adalah moratorium izin perkebunan di atas hutan alam yang berlaku hingga 2015. Moratorium membuat ekspansi kebun sawit terbatas. Jika selama ini ekspansi perkebunan sawit bisa mencapai 600 ribu hektare per tahun, gara-gara moratorium paling banter hanya bisa 150 ribu hektare.

Masalah kedua adalah pembatasan luas perkebunan maksimal 100 ribu hektare per grup usaha yang diatur oleh Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No 98 Tahun 2013. Oleh kalangan industri hulu sawit, kebijakan ini membuat ketidakpastian hukum dan mengganggu iklim investasi. Pembatasan ini konon menyebabkan sejumlah investor menunda investasi di bidang perkebunan sawit.

Padahal, perkebunan sawit juga masih dibebani persoalan lama seperti bea kuar CPO yang dinilai memberatkan. Malaysia sebagai pesaing utama ekspor CPO justru terus memangkas bea keluar CPO. Sejumlah perusahaan perkebunan yang hendak ekspansi juga terganjal karena area konsesinya bertentangan dengan peraturan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) pusat.

Sementara itu, di pasar internasional, upaya untuk menghantam CPO Indonesia belum berhenti hingga kini. LSM internasional masih melancarkan kampanye negatif karena menuding kebun sawit Indonesia tidak dikelola secara lestari dan merusak lingkungan. Sejumlah negara, terutama Eropa berusaha membendung CPO dengan berbagai standar aneh-aneh yang ujung-ujungnya untuk menghambat minyak sawit kita.
Kamuflase perang dagang yang dilancarkan negara maju itu bisa dipahami karena minyak sawit nabati mereka, seperti kedele dan biji bunga matahari, tidak mampu bersaing dengan CPO. Selain memiliki keunggulan dari sisi kandungan bahan aktifnya, CPO juga lebih murah US$ 200 per ton dibanding minyak nabati nonsawit.

Dengan tantangan berat yang dihadapi para pelaku usaha sawit, baik di tingkat hulu maupun hilir, sudah selayaknya pemerintah lebih berpihak. Minimal jangan lagi memberikan beban dan masalah baru kepada industri kelapa sawit. Janganlah membuat kebijakan yang inkonsisten, seperti membela di tingkat internasional namun merecoki dengan berbagai kebijakan domestik yang justru menghambat perkembangan industri kelapa sawit.

Janji pemerintah dan presiden yang hendak pasang badan untuk industri sawit nasional hendaknya bukan sekadar retorika. Kenyataannya, industri sawit nasional seolah-olah dibiarkan untuk berjuang dan bertarung sendiri.

Keberpihakan pemerintah terhadap industri hulu dan hilir kelapa sawit nasional sangat diperlukan, karena industri ini masih menjadi lokomotif ekspor utama nasional. Saat defisit transaksi berjalan masih tinggi akibat beban impor minyak, ekspor nonmigas harus digenjot, dan CPO menjadi salah satu andalan.

Namun, di lain sisi, pelaku usaha industri sawit juga harus transparan dan fair, serta tidak menonjolkan egoisme sektoral. Misalnya, jangan sampai mereka berusaha menghambat kebijakan hilirisasi sawit yang memiliki prospek bagus untuk jangka panjang.



Sumber : http://www.investor.co.id/home/beban-industri-sawit/80462
  http://www.bumn.go.id/ptpn6/publikasi/berita/beban-industri-sawit/

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